Throughout History Marijuana Has Been Used To Serve Various Purposes I

Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many different cultures. The purposes have changed over time to fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the social climate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibis sativa, was mentioned in historical manuscripts as early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hemp produced from the marijuana plant's fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of it's durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibition was repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibition against m arijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerous of the various psychoactive drugs, but because of the prejudices and preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For this reason marijuana use in the United States appears to have gone into decline in the late 30's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a repressive measure against Mexican workers who crossed the border seekingjobs during the Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was it's supposed violent "effect on the degenerate races" (Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60's marijuana use saw a resurgence which may be attributed to many causes. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substance whose effects were far less harmful than those of legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotine because there was not enough scientific research done d uring the 60's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Another cause may have been the discovery of the psychoactive component of marijuana- tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses and the effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors to suggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure and standardized form by perscription (called Marinol) for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is no scientific evidence that shows marijuana is beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma, it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host of other substances, can actually lower intraocular eye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. The evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of time and has served multiple purposes throughout histo ry. Karen Sipes Dana Pentoney Jeni Roane Sources Grolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995 Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine, Feb-Mar, 1993. Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/ Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995. Throughout History Marijuana Has Been Used To Serve Various Purposes I Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many different cultures. The purposes have changed over time to fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the social climate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibis sativa, was mentioned in historical manuscripts as early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hemp produced from the marijuana plant's fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of it's durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibition was repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibition against marijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerous of the various psychoactive drugs, but becau se of the prejudices and preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For this reason marijuana use in the United States appears to have gone into decline in the late 30's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a repressive measure against Mexican workers who crossed the border seekingjobs during the Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was it's supposed violent "effect on the degenerate races" (Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60's marijuana use saw a resurgence which may be attributed to many causes. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substance whose effects were far less harmful than those of legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotine because there was not enough scientific research done during the 60's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Another cause may have been the discovery of the psychoactive component of marijuana- tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses and the effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors to suggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure and standardized form by perscription (called Marinol) for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is no scientific evidence that shows marijuana is beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma, it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host of other substances, can actually lower intraocular eye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. The evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of time and has served multiple purposes throughout history. Sources Grolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995 Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society & Behavior. Vol. 3, 1992. Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine, Feb-Mar, 1993. Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/ Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995

Not mine Essays

Not mine Essays Not mine Essay Not mine Essay Record some examples of connotative diction from the first two paragraphs of the chapter. What is the effect of this diction on the reader How does Douglass experience with Mrs.. Laud show the corruptive influence of slavery on the slaveholder Explain, here, the style of teaching in the Columbian Orator that helped Douglass to improve his reading. What was the moral that he gained from the book Comment on Douglass mental state as he reads and thinks about this book on pegs. 1-52. Douglass writes that he eavesdropped on other peoples conversations and soon The light broke in upon me by degrees. What does he mean Look on page 53-54. Write concrete support here. What does the author want you, the reader, to think about him in this chapter What else does he learn to do in this chapter How does he do it Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 8 Note Taking summary of chapter 8. Note Making Write a short Give the chapter a title. Why does Douglass begin the chapter with such specific information about his masters family Find evidence, erectly stated on page 58, that Why does Douglass use a series of coordinated supports his major claim about slavery. (paired) nouns to present this evidence What is the effect on the reader On page 59, Douglass contrasts his feelings about being sold with those of the other slaves. Record quoted evidence here. Why do you think he added this commentary Douglass lament over the treatment of his grandmother is possibly the most emotionally portion of the bookie examples of diction and phrases that reveal his anger. Pages 61-63) Comment on Douglass sax. N. Y intelligence when he leaves Baltimore for SST. Michaels. How old is he at this point in the book Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Chapter 9 Note Making Write a short summary of chapter 9 chapter 9 and write it here (five or six sentences) Think of a title for (this is like a main idea) Give s ome text examples (quotes) of the indignities that Douglass suffered when he went to live with Thomas Laud. What was the character flaw in Thomas Laud Comment here on the qualities necessary for a leader, that made him especially depraved even a slaveholder, to earn respect from their subjects or slaves. How did his finding religion make him even Think off level 3 question about this. Have you read or worse studied any thing else that showed this phenomenon to be true Douglass names many Methodist preachers who were like Thomas Laud. What purpose is served by this and Why does he include an exception, Mr.. Conman Comment on Douglass use of religion in this chapter. Is his tone negative toward religion How does he use it in this chapter to illustrate his main theme Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 10 Note Making Write a short summary of chapter 10 Think of a title for chapter 10 and write it here (five or six sentences) (this is like a main idea) Give some partial quotes that describe Covey. Consider how Coveys behavior with his slaves What was his forte further supports Douglass main theme. In other words, how could Covey hinder his own success as a farmer On pages 83-84, Douglass writes an apostrophe, that is, a speaking out of the story to someone or something that isnt there. Write partial quotes here to record who he is speaking to. Consider why he does this. Is there any change in his mood after this lament Find the antithesis on page 84 that truly divides the chapter, and write it here. What happens in the narrative after this point What is Douglass epiphany (92-93) How is Christmas especially sad for the slaves Why do you think Douglass uses this bridge or connection between his experience with Covey and his life with his new master, Mr.. Freehand Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 10, continued Note Making Write the quote on page 99 in which Douglass characterizes the religion of the south. Do you think he is anti-religious Why or why not Why do oh think Douglass feels it is important to include the names and behaviors of religious people in his narrative, especially in this chapter Find a quote on page 101 that has several parallels and some alliteration, too. Write it out here. Why does Douglass structure this information with such rhythm and emphasis What purpose does the passage on his Sabbath school serve in this chapter Do you think Mr.. Freehand is a real character On pages 120-121, how did Douglass experience with Covey prepare him for his Job as a ship builder at Fells What event at the happier actually turns his Point rough experience there too positive result On page 125, find the quote that illustrates Douglass revelation about the contented slave. The end of this chapter might help you see hydraulics was not sold after his first escape attempt. How did he avoid this fate Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 1 1 Making Write a short summary of chapter 1 1 11 and write it here (five or six sentences) Note Think of a title for chapter Why is Douglass critical of the underground railroad Record evidence here that shows Douglass experience with Mr.. Covey to be useful in Douglass confrontation with Hugh Laud Why is Douglass description of his escape so brief Ironically, how did Douglass experience as a slave in the southern shipyards aid him once he was free Record the observation that most astonished Douglass when he arrived north. What did he expect Why do you think Douglass includes an anecdote about traitors who were former slaves How does Douglass become involved in the abolitionist movement the Life of Frederick Douglass, Appendix Dialectical Journal for Narrative of Note Making Write a short summary of the appendix he appendix and write it here (five or six sentences) idea) What motivated Douglass to write this appendix (this is like a main Find three hyphenated epithets on page 150 that seriously indict religious southerners. Is he successful in his purpose for this appendix Find several examples of loaded biblical How would you describe the tone of this paragraph diction in the first paragraph of page 154. What is the parody that concludes the book Other than to criticize southern Christians, what purpose is served by including this hymn Think of something that isnt stated outright, but implied simply by including this satire.

Professional Writing Sample Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Writing Sample - Assignment Example This inverted pyramid is the physical representation of an overstaffed company that is weighed down by redundant positions caused by over-staffing. By allowing myself to develop and use staffing solutions as they are applicable to the company I work for, I will be able to ensure that the company will not lose money paying for non-functional or overlapping positions because I will always have the right number of staff members for various work schedules in the company stemming from light, moderate, to heavy work loads. The staffing program of any company will be of the utmost importance in ensuring that the company is never caught under or over-staffed. More importantly, it is important to place the correct people, who have the correct educational background and relevant work experience in the proper positions of authority within the company. By properly staffing the various departments, the company will be able to recruit only the best individuals for the job and pay them their proper wages in order to keep them happy on the job. It is important to look not only into the number of staffers hired by the company during a given season, but also to look at the quality of the people being hired. By staffing the company in this method, in-house promotions can be guaranteed to the most qualified individuals who in turn can take advantage of the cross-training, development, and advanced studies that the company has to offer its ranking employees. In the end, proper staffing will make sure that the company will have a high retention rate and limit the need for constant newcomer training. I am looking forward to continuously building up my career success rate during my employment era. That means that I shall strive towards self fulfillment at all times so that when the time comes for me to retire, I will have left my unmistakable print and

The Purchasing Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Purchasing Cycle - Essay Example For a purchasing process to be effective, the department must ensure it understands the company’s goals and plans. The most successful industries that may have managed to provide a very efficient purchasing process in the US include Food and beverage industries and electronic and computers industries. To achieve this objective, the purchasing department must understand the business requirements. It is also required to buy products and services from the right source, at the right price, quantity, time, and the correct specifications as required by customers. The overall aim of this objective in manufacturing companies is to ensure that the raw materials needed in the production process are acquired, in the right quantity and quality and from viable sources. The implications this has is that if the wrong raw materials are bought, the entire production process is stalled and the company might end up making losses or producing poor quality products that do not meet the customers’ specifications(Matthews & Schneller, 2011). For the purchasing process to be efficient and effective, there must be keen following of the whole process and knowledge of the supplier markets. Opportunities must, therefore, be identified, internal operations managed and all focus directed towards achieving this objective. In identifying opportunities, suppliers with the highest quality and cost friendly products are selected. Ensuring diversity in suppliers selected could also be beneficial to the company. The purchasing department has the responsibility of choosing the best suppliers, using the most viable criterion to choose the most current suppliers as they are usually very competitive. Internal operations involve managing procurement staff effectively, formulating policies and strategies. Proper leadership in the purchasing department, collaboration and teamwork helps in achieving this objective (Matthews & Schneller, 2011). For the purchasing

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America - Essay Example Scientific research to date proves that homosexuality is genetically inclined, and those who are indeed homosexual, have a genetic predisposition of sorts to their sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not a â€Å"sexual preference†; it’s not something that one can change, therefore, those with homosexual orientation should be granted each and every single American right that heterosexuals have, including marriage, parenting, etc., otherwise America, who takes pride in being a nation of equality, is making their claim on fraudulent terms. While proving that sexual orientation is not a choice and that homosexuality is indeed the genetic makeup of an individual, it should be recognized by the U.S. government that homosexuality is a â€Å"normal† orientation just like heterosexuality is, and those of a homosexual orientation should be granted the same equal rights as heterosexuals, Whites, Africans, Hispanics, and everyone else who call this great nation their à ¢â‚¬Å"home†. Genetically speaking, it has been discovered that antibodies in the womb can attack the Y chromosome in an unborn male, causing him to be gay. This normally happens when a woman already has several, several, meaning two or three, â€Å"straight† male sons; her body just builds up an antibody to carrying males, and these antibodies attack the Y chromosome in the unborn male, making him homosexual (Independent). For every prior male brother who is â€Å"straight†, the chances of the next male becoming gay later in life, increases by one third (Independent). This study, conducted by Canadian scientists in 2006, proves that homosexuality in men is of a biological nature and nothing else. Gay men are â€Å"created† (Independent) meaning; they are born with a genetic predisposition to homosexuality. Thus proving that homosexuality is not a choice, but completely biological, even before birth (Independent). Also, it is common that most homosexual mal es have reported the same feelings concerning their identities and such during childhood. Many say that they â€Å"felt different† at an early age and often had to defend their masculinity (Handbook). They also reported that from a very, very young age, they did not take interest in the same games, toys, clothing, etc. as other â€Å"straight† males their age, and also felt an overwhelming attraction to the same sex, even from as early as 2 to 5 years old (Handbook). These young males reported that they often enjoyed playing with toys made for the opposite sex and also enjoyed wearing clothes of the opposite gender as well. The males said they did not take much of an interest in masculine games, such as sports and â€Å"boy† toys. â€Å"My cousin, who is now an openly gay, nineteen year old male, always collected Barbie dolls,† says Bessie Cherry, an award-winning journalist from Tennessee. â€Å"It was always a question ‘if’ my cousin was g oing to be gay or not. He loved to play with toys of the opposite sex, often carried a purse, and wore girls’ jeans and shoes. He was always very interested in things that boys his age were not, like collecting antique dishes and such. He never wanted to play football, like the rest of his male cousins his age. He never wanted to play with ‘boy’ toys, such as trucks and cars; it was always Barbie dolls and ‘girly’ things that he chose to play with instead. When my cousin became a teenager, he was so handsome that so many of the girls

Consumer Culture of Low-Income Consumers

Consumer Culture of Low-Income Consumers Literature Paper focus on low-income consumers whose economic resources results in them being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for an ‘‘sufficient’’ and ‘‘socially acceptable’’ standard of income (Darley and Johnson, 1985, p. 206); in other words, consumers experiencing relative poverty and relative deficiency (Townsend, 1987) in consumer culture. In today’s consumer culture, as the standard of living rises, the gap between a survival income and a social enclosure income will continue to enlarge (Bowring, 2000). While economic escalation and consumer culture has raised the standard of living for many, there are also concerns that income gaps between the rich and the poor have widened and variation is deepening. It has been recognized that those living on a low income face consumer disadvantage in the market place (Andreasen, 1975) encountering different exchange restrictions and negative results (Hill and Stephens, 1997). It is being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for a socially suitable standard of living (Darley and Johnson, 1985) according to low-income consumers encounter different other market place limitation. imperfect product openness can be a problem. Smaller variety have been partly endorsed to access difficulties in both the food retailing industry (Cummins and Macintyre, 1999) . Equally, low-income consumers often have to be enough with lower quality goods and services, for example, they may have no choice but to pay for second-hand goods, an option that is almost always viewed as second best (Williams and Windebank, 2001). Moreover, since the publication of The Poor Pay More , it has generally been accepted that they suffer price bias in the market place (Chung and Myers, 1999). For low-income customers, such social behavior are often beyond reach as a large percentage of their money is tied up with basics such as food and rent (Alwitt and Donley, 1996). This leads to a generality of life’s experiences . Low-income consumers may practice more difficultly in forming helpful relationships outside the instant household (Daly and Leonard, 2002) due to limited opportunities for socializing In the case of low income they lose opportunity to take benefit of ‘‘what life has to offer’’ and are cut from what passes as a ‘‘happy life’’ (Bauman, 2005, p. 38). Low income consumers are often unemployed because they have not power of purchasing comfortable goods. Which can satisfy their demands m (Alwitt and Donley, 1996). These could include individualized payment plans that allow consumers control of their own budgeting strategy or credit opportunities that are specifically adapted to the needs of low-income consumers (Himlton 2004). This is not amazing that as these consumers are often considered as a group with different aspiration who are losing and risky, and not good for market-related research ( Hamilton and Catterall, 2005). People spend more part of their income for their basic necessities, life style is not consider. The incomes that households actually receive play a significant role in determining their consumption (Tregarthen and Ritternberg, 2000) such that low-income consumers consume less fresh  fruits, fresh vegetables, fruit juices, low-fat milk, whole meal bread and fish compare to more economically advantaged consumers (Anderson and Morris, 2000). Low-income consumers can be defined as individuals whose financial resources or income results in them being unable to obtain the goods and services needed for an â€Å"adequate† and â€Å"socially acceptable† standard of living (Darley and Johnson, 1985 cited in Hamilton and Catterall, 2005). HILL and ADRANG studied on global poverty of the united nations contened that the poor are individual and families are some what rich. Lifestyle characteristics of the low-income consumer The incomes that households actually receive play a significant role in determining their consumption (Tregarthen and Ritternberg, 2000). To rely on making incursions into other budgetary allocations and postpone other essentials, such that they decide on which item of necessity is less necessary (Matza and Miller, 1976). Most buying decisions for relatively low-priced products that have close substitutes would be low-involvement. A more detailed view of low-involvement products is proposed by Semenik and Bamossy (1995). It has been suggested that ‘‘An individual is socially excluded if (a) he or she is geographically resident in a society and (b) he or she does not participate in the normal activities of citizens in that society’’ (Burchardt, 1999, p. 230). The aim of this paper is twofold. First, social policy studies surrounding social exclusion in terms of separation from mainstream society have focused on employment, often neglecting theorizing about the specific forms of social exclusion that can be associated with consumerism (Williams and Windebank, 2002; Hohnen, 2007). Positive discourse heralds the benefits of a consumer society suggesting that choice can be seen as ‘‘the consumer’s friend’’ (Gabriel and Lang, 2006, p. 1) Marketing techniques are often critiqued for creating a strong social pressure to consume, leading to feelings of exclusion and shame for those consumers who cannot make their desires a reality (Bowring, 2000). Fullerton and Punj (1997) also suggest that as well as stimulating legitimate consumption behavior, the consumer culture can stimulate consumer misbehavior. Previous research suggests that the poor may be particularly prone to consumer misbehavior as their financial resources may not be sufficient to  satisfy desires. Equally, low-income consumers often have to suffice with lower quality goods and services, for example, they may have no choice but to purchase second-hand goods, an option that is almost always viewed as second best (Williams and Winde bank, 2001). The British Social Attitudes Report (National Centre for Social Research, 2008) highlights that a rising number of people place the blame for poverty on the poor themselves; some 27 per cent think that poverty is due to ‘‘laziness or lack of willpower’’, up from 19 per cent in  1984. References Darley,W.K. and Johnson, D.M. (1985), ‘‘A contemporary analysis of the low income consumer: aninternational perspective’’, in Tan, C.T. and Sheth, J.N. (Eds), Historical Perspectives inConsumer Research: National and International Perspectives, Association for ConsumerResearch, Provo, UT, pp. 206-10. Townsend, P. (1987), ‘‘Deprivation’’, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 125-46. Bowring, F. (2000), ‘‘Social exclusion: limitations of the debate’’, Critical Social Policy, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 307-30. Andreasen, A.R. (1975), The Disadvantaged Consumer, The Free Press, New York, NY.Arnould, E.J. and Thompson, C.J. (2005), ‘‘Consumer culture theory (CCT): twenty years of research’’, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 868-82. research’’, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 868-82. Hill, R.P. and Stephens, D.L. (1997), ‘‘Impoverished consumers and consumer behavior: the case ofAFDC mothers’’, Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 32-48. Cummins, S. and Macintyre, S. (1999), ‘‘The location of food stores in urban areas: a case study in Glasgow’’, British Food Journal, Vol. 101 No. 7, pp. 545-53. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2001), ‘‘Acquiring goods and services in lower income populations: an evaluation of consumer behaviour and preferences’’, International Journal Of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 16-24. Chung, C. and Myers, S.L. (1999), ‘‘Do the poor pay more for food? An analysis of grocery store availability and food price disparities’’, The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 276-96. Alwitt, L.F. and Donley, T.D. (1996), The Low-income Consumer, Adjusting the Balance of Exchange, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Hamilton, C. (2004), Growth Fetish, Pluto Press, London Hamilton, K. and Catterall, M. (2005), â€Å"Towards a better understanding of the low-income consumer†, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 32, pp. 627-32. Tregarthen, T. and Ritternberg, L. (2000), Economics, 2nd ed., Worth, New York, NY. Anderson, A.S. and Morris, S.E. (2000), â€Å"Changing fortunes: changing food choices†, Nutrition Food Science, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 12-15. Matza, D. and Miller, H. (1976), â€Å"Poverty and proletariat†, in Merton, R.K. and Nisbet, R. (Eds),Contemporary Social Problems, 4th ed.,Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,NewYork,NY, pp. 641-73. Semenik, R.J. and Bamossy, G.J. (1995), Principles of Marketing, 2nd ed., South Western College, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 170-1. Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J. and Piachaud, D. (1999), ‘‘Social exclusion in Britain 1991-1995’’, Social Policy and Administration, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 227-44. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2002), ‘‘The ‘excluded consumer’: a neglected aspect of social exclusion?’’, Policy Politics, Vol. 30 No. 4, pp. 501-13. Gabriel, Y. and Lang, T. (2006), The Unmanageable Consumer: Contemporary Consumption and its Fragmentation, 2nd ed., Sage, London. Bowring, F. (2000), ‘‘Social exclusion: limitations of the debate’’, Critical Social Policy, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 307-30. Fullerton, R.A. and Punj, G. (1997), ‘‘The unintended consequences of the culture of consumption:an historical-theoretical analysis of consumer misbehavior’’, Consumption, Markets and Culture, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 393-423. Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2001), ‘‘Acquiring goods and services in lower incomepopulations: an evaluation of consumer behaviour and preferences’’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 16-24. National Centre for Social Research (2008), British Social Attitudes, The 24th Report, Sage, London.

The Case Against the Death Penalty Essay example -- capital punishment

In the United States, since the 1970s there have been more than 1270 executions according to the death penalty information center (Fact Sheet), What’s alarming about that number, is the number of people who were condemned to be executed based on race, income and social status alone, targeting those that could not afford good legal counsel, and were appointed attorneys that were â€Å"inexperienced and had below appropriate professional standards† (Hessick 1069), which sealed the fate of those literally fighting for their lives, on the day of sentencing. Capital punishment is unconstitutional, and violates human rights; a point of view rarely seen when debating the topic. Everyone talks about deterrence, everyone talks about justice for the victim, but no one seems to remember that even though the person responsible for a crime, whatever the nature of this crime is, is still a human being with constitutional, and human rights just like all of us. This paper will present facts that will help the reader understand the real nature of capital punishment, presenting the case against the death penalty for reasons of unconstitutionality and human rights violations. The first thing I want to cover is deterrence. Does the death penalty really deter crime? Some people say it does, that they work the same way speed signs work: First you notice the speed sign, then you drive without getting over the speed limit, it obviously works. Or does it? I came across many articles proving that speed signs are not a deterrent for speeding. Karen Sorensen writes on her news site â€Å"The Plainfield Police Department reports they issued 93 tickets for speeding and two for speeding in a construction zone despite warning signs being posted all along Rout... ... Behind the Wheel: Why Do We Speed?" Interview. Audio blog post. NPR. PBS, 07 June 2007. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. "Persuasion And Resistance: Race And The Death Penalty In America." American Journal Of Political Science 51.4 (2007): 996-1012. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. Prejean, Helen. "Would Jesus Pull the Switch?" Salt of the Earth: 1997. Claretian Publications, 1997. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. . Sorensen, Karen. "Speed Warning Signs No Deterrent for 95 Drivers." Plainfield Patch. 23 Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Nov. 2014. Spenkelink, John Arthur. "Last Words." Interview. Any Last Words? The New York Times. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. . "The Case Against the Death Penalty." American Civil Liberties Union. The American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU Foundation., 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2014.

Boy in Striped Pyjamas: Otes and Analysis

Area of Study: Belonging Texts of your choosing: Film Title: â€Å"Boy in the striped pyjamas† Composer: Mark Herman A chilling portrayal of the power of society to define belonging, this film depicts the holocaust from the point of view of a young German boy who develops a friendship with a Jewish boy the other side of a barbed wire fence (Auschwitz). A chilling portrayal of the power of society to define belonging, this film depicts the holocaust from the point of view of a young German boy who develops a friendship with a Jewish boy the other side of a barbed wire fence (Auschwitz).Brief Outline to the text: This cautionary tale is about two boys, one the son of a commandant and the other a Jew, who come face-to-face at a barbed wire fence that separates, and eventually intertwines their lives. The novel is set during the Holocaust, Bruno is only nine-years-old when his father is transferred from Berlin to Auschwitz. The house at â€Å"Out-With,† as Bruno calls it, i s small, dark, and strange. He spends long days gazing out the window of his new bedroom, where he notices people dressed in striped pyjamas and rows of barracks surrounded by a barbed wire fence.Bored and lonely, and not really understanding the circumstance of his new existence, Bruno sets out to explore the area and discovers Shmuel, a very thin Jewish boy who lives on the other side of the fence. An unlikely friendship develops between the two boys, but when Bruno learns that his mother plans to take her children back to Berlin, he makes a last effort to explore the forbidden territory where the boy in the striped pyjamas lives.This cautionary tale is about two boys, one the son of a commandant and the other a Jew, who come face-to-face at a barbed wire fence that separates, and eventually intertwines their lives. The novel is set during the Holocaust, Bruno is only nine-years-old when his father is transferred from Berlin to Auschwitz. The house at â€Å"Out-With,† as Br uno calls it, is small, dark, and strange. He spends long days gazing out the window of his new bedroom, where he notices people dressed in striped pyjamas and rows of barracks surrounded by a barbed wire fence.Bored and lonely, and not really understanding the circumstance of his new existence, Bruno sets out to explore the area and discovers Shmuel, a very thin Jewish boy who lives on the other side of the fence. An unlikely friendship develops between the two boys, but when Bruno learns that his mother plans to take her children back to Berlin, he makes a last effort to explore the forbidden territory where the boy in the striped pyjamas lives. Explain the belonging that is represented in the text: Perceptions and ideas of belonging, or of not belonging, vary.These perceptions are shaped within personal, cultural, historical and social contexts. A sense of belonging can emerge from the connections made with people, places, groups, communities and the larger world. People may cons ider aspects of belonging in terms of experiences and notions of identity, relationships, acceptance and understanding. Through Boyne’s novel, the boy in the striped pyjamas it reveals how belonging can enrich our identity and relationships. This would subsequently portray how acceptance and understanding may be obtained through the enrichment of one’s identity.Key examples that develop belonging in the text: â€Å"A home is not a building or a street or a city or something so artificial as bricks and mortar. A home is where one’s family is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You're my best friend, Shmuel, My best friend for life. † â€Å"He looked the boy up and down as if he had never seen a child before and wasn’t quite sure what he was supposed to do with one: eat it, ignore it or kick it down the stairs. † â€Å"Are you allowed out? Why? What have you done†¦? â€Å"I’m a Jew† â€Å"We’re not supposed to be friends, you and me. We’re meant to be enemies. Did you know that? * clearly proves that there is a sense of the friends belonging to a relationship however there is always going to be the idea of not belonging to each other because of the cultural and moral situations they are put in, hence why they believe that they are meant to be â€Å"enemies† â€Å"He used to be a doctor once, but gave it all up to peel potatoes. † * The destruction that is caused upon a miserable man, because of the beliefs he has. There is a lack of integrity making him become their slave as he is a Jew   html http://www. enotes. om/the-boy-in-the-striped-pajamas http://www. bookrags. com/studyguide-the-boy-in-the-striped-pyjamas/ The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a poignant tale of events, Written by John Boyne and published in 2006 by David Fickling Books, the story was made into a major motion picture in 2008 based on the events occurred during WWII through the eyes of an eight-year-old boy. Bruno i s the bright-eyed son of a German soldier. When Bruno's father is relocated, the entire family has to move to the countryside. Although Bruno is proud that his father is a soldier, he lets his disappointment of leaving his friends show.There is a constant use of dramatic irony, through the idea that Bruno does not understand or know about the life they are entering however there is a common background understanding that all viewers will understand. This is evident when Bruno notices what he believes to be a farm with strange farmers who only wear striped pajamas. Whereas, we understand the reality of it, in which the farm is a concentration camp in which Bruno's father has been put in charge of. Fueled by curiosity, Bruno defies his mother and ends up at a corner of the fence that is not guarded.Once there, he meets Shmuel, a Jewish boy the same age as Bruno. The boys become friends quickly, even though Bruno has been told by his teacher and a frightening young Lieutenant Kotler tha t Jews are â€Å"evil. † Mark Herman, director of films such as Brassed Off and Hope Springs gives us a profound tale of innocence. The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas could be the most heartbreaking film about the holocaust since Schindler's List. Although there is no physical violence shown in the movie, outrage at the injustice of it all is still felt; the boys should be able to play with each other without fear of getting in trouble.Children should not have to go through what Shmuel does just because they are different. It is the idea that there is a visual confusion and the dramatic irony is so important in conveying the injustices. There are times when Bruno's courage fails him. When Lieutenant Kotler asks him if he gave Shmuel food, he denies the truth so he won't get in trouble. But the audience can forgive him for these mistakes just as quickly as Shmuel does. With the idea of dramatic irony again, it’s the concept in which the audience takes many journeys of the b oy’s sense of belonging to each other and to their friendship however not belonging as utcasts. Bruno's innocence is what makes The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas so Stirring. When he asks his father what is burned in the chimneys, the audience feels a sense of turmoil because they know the truth. Bruno just doesn't understand what he's seeing. It explores the beauty of a child's innocence in a time of war, the common desire we all have for friendship, and the fences—both literal and figurative—that we must all navigate and choose whether or not to break down.

Catering For Learner Diversity Essays

Catering For Learner Diversity Essays Catering For Learner Diversity Paper Catering For Learner Diversity Paper This article alms at sharing with readers how a group of 25 low achievers of English In a band three secondary school can be better motivated as a result of curriculum and assessment accommodation, multistory approach in teaching and change in teachers belief with relevant training in special education. School-based Hotel and Hospitality English curriculum When students are promoted to ANSI, it is very normal for them to follow a set INS English language curriculum targeted for the HEDGE examination. What If students were seriously denominated In English in the past and are far below the acceptable standard? Is that the set HEDGE curriculum could meet their need, in terms of content, standard and interest? To cater for the needs of my S. 4 group who scored between 1 and 23 marks in S. , I have been assigned to tailor-make a School-based Practical English Curriculum for them. According to McIntyre et al. 2005) and Reduce (2007), a powerful voice of students own feeling about their learning experience, both written and oral, Is a reflective conversation between teacher and students. After studying a survey result where their chosen electives, dream jobs and learning preference are included, it is found that about half of students are taking Tourism and Hospitality Studies and more than half are interested in Joining the catering industry. As for learning preference, more Han 80% of them want to learn how to serve customers in catering Industry. Owing to this, a Hotel and Hospitality English curriculum has been tailor-made for students of this group, as a starting point, with the belief that they can be benefited from learning authentic daily Workplace English, which may result in better learning motivation and career preparation. Multi-sensory approach in teaching with reasonably high expectation After the first week teaching In September 2013, it was found that the learner diversity of this group was obvious. Some are Intelligent but lazy and Inattentive resulting In very or academic performance while some failed to catch up with lessons because they are dyslexic, hyper active, speech and language impaired and intellectually disabled. As suggested by McKay (2012), teachers should teach all learners as if they are dyslexic (p. 105) and that multi-sensory approach Is preferred In classroom teaching to develop learners assonance, sell-esteem Ana Montreal Intelligence. Tater a year of teaching, I have confirmed that the multi-sensory approach works and is able to cater for learner differences in terms of different styles in learning. These include the SE of a bigger font size (at least 16) and a special font Comic Sans MS with different images in unit handouts; the use of magnetic letters, makes and breaks, word search game and dictation game on blackboard when teaching vocabulary items. When teaching grammar, songs and video clips are used. To make the classroom as interactive as possible, dialog teaching (Alexander, 1994) is normally used and students are asked, depending on the teaching focus, to do paired reading, peer tutoring, peer assessment, group discussions and role plays in front of the blackboard so that cooperative learning (DB 2010) can be experienced. While students of this group are already quite weak at English, three of them are even weaker than the rest. Thats why recordings for different reading units, frequent individualized teaching in class with differentiated materials like colorful dictation worksheets with blending and segmentation and individual consultation after class on progressive expectation, on ways to learn and do revision are given. For those who scored high and those who have shown good progression, public praises and colorful handouts were given as encouragement. During different casual chats with different students, they find these experiences useful, though tough in some sense, in enhancing their confidence and motivation in English, which is, in fact, reflected in their academic performance in different summarize assessments, where the overall percentage increase is about 300%-6600% when compared to their S. Results. No matter how, students of this group have to sit for the HEDGE (English Language) examination two years later. To prepare them well for the exam progressively, different testing items relevant to the HEDGE level are included in unit handouts, supplementary exercises and summarize assessments. Some are even extracted from past papers for HEDGE English exam or AS Use of English exam, with relevant accommodation. While students generally find these exercise challenging, their eagerness to overcome the difficulties is shown. With the sense of achievement in English, one-third of the class asked for a weekly after- school tutorial for the HEDGE exam, which I believe is good as far as integration and peer-tutoring are concerned as all 25 students studying this school-based Practical English course will be integrated with the normal HEDGE curriculum next year. Teachers Attitudes and Teacher Training According to Pyramids et al. (2000), the right of all children has to be valued equally, treated with respect and provided with equal opportunities with the mainstream system. However, many educators have serious reservations about supporting low- attaining groups and SEEN students in mainstream schools. To me, students no matter how weak they are academically and in discipline control are our future pillars and that we should treat every student as our child. With a firm character, love and patience, and of course reasonably high expectation on students, together with the deadness for change in nowadays education system, where curriculum accommodation and assessment accommodation to cater for students diverse learning needs are tattletale required, students snouts De addle to make progress as time goes particularly when they feel they are in the same language community because of less language anxiety, I believe, which is termed Community of Practice (Winger, 1998) The key is whether we are willing to accept inclusion and integration through whole-hearted changes in attitudes towards different groups of students, in the way to deliver lessons and in curriculum and assessment accommodation based n their needs and differences. In fact, continuous encouragement and reminders to students, particularly the less performed. Since my first touch in special education during my PAGE years between 2007 and 2009 through a module called Helping students with Special Education Needs, my interest in the field has grown instead of ceased. Thanks to my lovely students who urged me and thanks of course to the DB and my serving school who allowed to chive different trainings in special education, including relevant workshops in catering for learner diversity and more importantly, the three award-bearing programmed?professional Diploma Programmed for Teachers (Catering for Diverse Learning Needs)?Basic and Advanced Level offered by the Hong Kong Institute of Education and Thematic Course on Supporting Students with SEEN-Cognition and Learning Needs (Facilitating English Language Teaching) offered by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. These three programmed definitely urge me to do more for less performed students in terms of daily guidance and counseling and classroom caching. For those who believe teaching is your life-long career, you are strongly recommended to enroll these programmed one after another, which should be good not only to your students, but you, your family and even the society in the long run! Conclusion As an American prove goes when ten gold gets tough, ten tough get going. A teaching in a band three secondary school for eight years with the experience of teaching different kinds of students, where the learning difference in each class is wide, it is strongly believed that we, as teaching professionals, have to find ways to cater for learner diversity.

PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC

SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC Introduction Cadbury is the brand of a reputable confectionary company with a diverse assortment of chocolates, gum and candy. The company’s kernel stretches back to 1824 when the company’s pioneer, John Cadbury opened a chocolate shop in Birmingham (Watson 6). Currently, the company is dominant in the chocolate business and boasts an extended global presence and influence. On May 7, 2008, the American beverage businesses sector and the confectionary sector completed their separation and Cadbury became Cadbury PLC.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More SWOT Analysis Of Cadbury Plc SWOT analysis is a calculative strategic technique used in organizational planning to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business project or the business as a whole. SWOT analysis entails the identification of targets of a project or a business venture. Once identified, the process in achieving the targets is examined together with the interior and peripheral influences that affect the process leading to favorable or unfavorable achievement of the target. In analyzing Cadbury PLC, it is imperative to study the organization’s performance against a similar scale to that of the competition (Leikin 3). The competitors in this case are other confectionary companies like Nestle which have over the years challenged Cadbury PLC. Strengths Of Cadbury Plc The first strength Cadbury PLC has is the advantage of numbers considering the organization has business units all over the world. The units are present in Britain, Ireland, Middle East, Africa, north and South America, Europe, Asia and the pacific (King 1). All the units have commercial inclinations as their principle driving force, but the units also do have supply chain and science and technology functions. The interior organization of Cadbury P LC creates room for four corporate functions in all the units. The functions are human resource corporate affairs, strategy, information technology, legal and secretariat. This kind of functional structure allows for the business units to focus on commercial programs while aiming at internal growth (Leikin 1). Cadbury PLC also has the advantage of having internationally well known and respected brand names. The goodwill of the brands generates approximately 50% of the organization’s revenue and this implies that the brand bears higher profitability than the confectionary collection. Weaknesses Of Cadbury Plc One of the organization’s unyielding weaknesses is the reliance on confectionary market for profitability. Other companies with a similar target market to that of Cadbury PLC for instance Nestle have more diverse products including but not limited to confectionary products, baby foods, and cereals among others (Leikin 1). Cadbury has also been mainly Europe based for a long time and only recently diversified into massive consumer markets like America. In comparison, other confectionary companies of Cadbury PLC’s caliber have diversified their target markets and can be found in almost all major international consumer markets hence gaining leverage over Cadbury (Rosenfeld 9).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities The confectionary market is the fastest growing packed food market with a 5% p.a growth rate meaning Cadbury still has various unexploited markets like China, India and Russia where consumer wealth is increasing directly proportional to the population(Miller 16). There is also increased demand of confectionary products in such growing markets. The confectionary industry has over the recent years witnessed several successful mergers and acquisitions. Targeted acquisition will increase the market share and product diversification. There is an increased demand for healthier low calories snacks which could lead to new products for instance organic snacks, sugar free snacks or low fat confectionary products crating room for innovation (Miller 1). Threats There is a rising occurrence of obesity in both adults and children which has led to increased weight watching and need for healthy foods and lifestyle. The social changes in nutrition and lifestyle have definitely affected the demand of Cadbury products (Watson 1). Aggressive competition from other confectionary organizations in developed markets has led to possible price wars between the companies (Leikin 1). The global demand for cost reductions in environment, transport, energy and supply has threatened to incapacitate the operational structure of Cadbury PLC (Rosenfeld 4). Pest(le) Analysis Of Cadbury Plc In The U.K PEST (LE) analysis is the strategic analysis of the comprehensive peripheral conditions surrounding a business ope ration. Such conditions are normally above the control or influence of the business, but bear pivotal influence on the outcome of product development, business planning and strategy. They include: Political Conditions A number of MPs fear jobs will be lost if Cadbury shareholders accept an 11.5 billon pound offer from Kraft foods in a take over bid. Cadbury currently employ 2,500 individuals at its factory at Bourneville in Birmingham and a further 1200 in Herefordshire (King 11). The MPs further view the take over by Kraft as a threat to the creativity of Cadbury employees and innovation of the West Midlands. The MPs are not happy with the fact that Kraft has its base in Illinois meaning decisions will be made based on factors in Illinois not West Midlands (Rosenfeld 9). Such political interferences are likely to influence the public and elicit angry reactions from both the employees and members of the public (Watson 6). However, The Competition Act of 2000 stops interference by th e government on the basis of public interest in cases such as this (Watson 3).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic Conditions Current economic conditions in the U.K are rife for successful operation of the confectionary industry. The global economic downturn is reversing and many companies are now able to secure resources and support production (Rosenfeld 5). Cadbury PLC was not that stable economically during the global recession and had to bid its shares in the international market. Kraft foods, a U.S based company proposed to take over Cadbury and offered a relatively high bid for it. Hence, even though the current economic conditions are stable, the preceding economic conditions were detrimental to Cadbury leading to massive debt eventually leading to the take over bid/ merger (Miller 16). Social Conditions There has been an exponenti al growth in the occurrences of obesity cases in the U.K as well as obesity related illnesses both in children and adults. Health and fitness experts in the U.K are warning that if society does not change their eating habits by the year 2025, one in three deaths will be weight related (Miller 8). Such observations have stirred sharp adjustments in the eating habits and lifestyles of the general public. Confectionary products are considered high in calories and the social attitude towards such products is changing meaning the public is more interested in organic foods and confectionaries are now being considered attributes to obesity. TechnologyAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cadbury PLC considers technological advancement as one of the key pillars of the company’s success through out the years. The company has a graduate program that is supported by technical training and the aim of the program is to encourage innovation (King 15). The company has realized several new production and processing methods through this program, like the candy churner and the chocolate whip which are advanced inventions for higher and faster production (Miller 5). Cadbury still falls behind the competition as far as diversification is concerned because they lack cereal making machines as wells as baby food technology (Miller 10). Conclusion Cadbury Plc has been a stable and successful confectionary company since its establishment in the mid nineteenth century. A SWOT analysis of the company has helped identify some of the strong points Cadbury Plc capitalized on to perpetuate global expansion. A potent weakness has also been revealed and that is the late entry into the American market, one of the largest consumer markets in the world. The PESTLE analysis examines the performance Cadbury Plc in the U.K relative to its environment. The recent merger which has come to be known as a hostile take over by the U.S based Kraft foods generated a lot of controversy. However, it is clear from the analysis that Cadbury Plc was undergoing tough economic conditions and Kraft’s intervention was timely though the operation strategies of the two companies differ greatly. King, Leo. Kraft to slash  £430m costs a year with Cadbury integration. June 2010. 17 Feb 2010, from: https://www.computerworlduk.com/it-vendors/kraft-to-slash-430m-costs-a-year-with-cadbury-integration-18868/2/ Leikin, Peter. â€Å"Krafts Bid to Buy Cadbury Means Its Time We Stopped Selling Off U.K Plc†. May 2009.   Web. Miller, Hudson. Kraft Foods Bites Back and Questions Cadbury’s Long Term Targets. Jan 2009. 17 Feb 2010 from: https://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/ Ros enfeld, Irene. Kraft Foods Inc. (Kraft Foods) Statement Regarding Cadbury Plc (Cadbury) and Us Competition Clearance. Sept 2009. Web. Watson, Nick. â€Å"Cadbury, Kraft and the politics of making chocolate.† Dec 2010. 17 Feb 2010 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/politics_show/regions/west_midlands/8468458.stm

The Early Years Curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Early Years Curriculum - Research Paper Example Such childhood is viewed as necessary to provide the foundation for realizing children's abilities and talents as they grow up. The EYFS assures parents that their children achieve this goal. The EYFS undertakes several tasks in ensuring that the outcomes of Every Child Matters are achieved by setting the standards, providing for quality of opportunity, creating the framework for partnership working, improving quality and consistency, and laying a secure foundation for future learning (Statutory Framework 2008). Learning through EYFS is done through a principled approach which the following are embedded: a unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments, and learning and development. The observation on curriculum took place on Nov. 7, 2008 at Odessa Primary School while the other one was at Montessori Day Nursery which opened in 1998. It was noticed that both settings recognized the areas of learning and early learning goals of the EYFS which include personal, social, and emotional development, communication, language, and literacy, mathematics development, knowledge and understanding of the world, physical development, and creative development. However the delivery of these goals differed in the two observed settings, which will be mentioned in this paper. One of the underpinning policies of EYFS is "every child matters," which seemed to have been overlooked or neglected by the Montessori Day Nursery in t... y Nursery in that staff ignored other children who bullied others and threw objects on them, such as the incident in which one boy threw a metal car and hit another boy, to which a staff treated it as we don't hit our friends, which was contrary to her appeasement of the other child as it was an accident. Based on the observation, the Montessori Day Nursery did not seem to follow in practice the overarching aim of EYFS, which is to help young children achieve the five outcomes of Every Child Matters which include, staying safe. The bullied children seemed to experience lack of safety by the bullies, in which the staff tended to treat the situation lightly. Enjoying and achieving seems a lacking element in the setting, since there were plenty of distractions while the class teacher was reading a story, affecting the quality of the experience as well as other's desire on the activity. Most staff members ignored the children's bad behavior as if nothing happened, resulting in non-absorp tion and disturbance on the part of other children who were willing to listen and learn from the story. In fact, when the boy who hit another with a metal toy car was told we don't hit our friends, the teacher started to read the book again, in which the boy started to punch and push other children to which she did not pay attention and just carried on with the reading. When asked if she planned the activities in advance, the activity sheet shown did not match the actual activities conducted since according to the teacher, the activity sheet only served to guide her. The Montessori Day Nursery however heeded to the provision set by the EYFS in relation to housing young children of varying ages, from birth to the end of the academic years in which the child has his/her fifth birthday. The

ECONOMICS 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECONOMICS 2 - Essay Example An example of an oligopoly is the airline industry. The airline industry is regulated by several agencies. There regulations that protect consumers against noise pollution. The prices of the fuel that the airlines utilized are regulated. The type of goods that a person can carry into an airplane is regulated. Aircrafts must comply with safety regulations. Oligopolies are market structure in which there are limited numbers of participants, while monopolies have only one player. The reason regulations are so important in these two market structures is because the general public must be protected from collusion and unfair practices from these firms. In monopolies regulations become more critical due to the power that the monopolist holds. Without regulation a monopolist could abuse his power and charge super high prices since competition is non-exist. Industrial regulations protect the customers, but its implementation raises costs. Companies at times have to invest money in new equipme nt to comply with regulations. Regulations that increase labor costs affect the profitability of companies. These costs are passed on the customer in the final price of the service or product. Regulations affect the cost structure of firm in an adverse way.